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# descro
A decentralized escrow protocol on Solana for physical goods trading. Fully permissionless and resolver-agnostic any wallet or program that implements the resolver interface can adjudicate disputes.
A decentralized escrow protocol on Solana for physical goods trading. Fully permissionless and resolver-agnostic: any wallet or program that implements the resolver interface can adjudicate disputes.
## 🌍 Vision & Concept
Buying and selling physical goods peer-to-peer runs on trust — and today that trust is either placed in a centralized platform that takes a cut and can freeze your funds, or in nothing at all, leaving buyers and sellers to hope the other side follows through. descro removes that single point of control: funds sit in an on-chain vault that only releases according to rules enforced by the protocol itself, not by a company.
Buying and selling physical goods peer-to-peer runs on trust. Today that trust is either placed in a centralized platform that takes a cut and can freeze your funds, or in nothing at all, leaving buyers and sellers to hope the other side follows through. descro removes that single point of control: funds sit in an on-chain vault that only releases according to rules enforced by the protocol itself, not by a company.
Instead of building one monolithic marketplace, descro splits the problem into a minimal **protocol layer** (escrow logic + a resolver registry) and lets anyone build the **application layer** on top from a slick, KYC'd consumer app to a raw wallet-to-wallet trade between two people who've never met.
Instead of building one monolithic marketplace, descro splits the problem into a minimal **protocol layer** (escrow logic + a resolver registry) and lets anyone build the **application layer** on top, from a slick, KYC'd consumer app to a raw wallet-to-wallet trade between two people who've never met.
- ⚖️ **Resolver-agnostic by design** disputes aren't adjudicated by descro itself. Any wallet or program that implements the resolver interface can be plugged in: a single trusted authority, a multisig, a jury DAO, or an algorithmic (MAD-style) resolver.
- 🔓 **Fully permissionless** no whitelist, no gatekeeping. Anyone can create an escrow, register as a resolver, or build a client against the protocol.
- 🔒 **Non-custodial by construction** SOL lives in a program-owned vault, not a company's balance sheet. Nobody, including descro itself, can move funds without satisfying the on-chain rules.
- 🧩 **Progressive decentralization** a central platform (own resolver, KYC, familiar UX) can onboard mainstream users first, while the same trades quietly build up a decentralized backend anyone can tap into directly, with free choice of resolver, once critical mass is reached.
-**Built for Solana** sub-cent transaction fees and ~400ms finality mean the on-chain plumbing can stay invisible to end users while still being fully verifiable.
- 🧱 **Minimal, composable core** the escrow program only knows about escrow state and SOL; dispute resolution is entirely external via CPI, so the protocol doesn't need to be trusted to "get justice right," only to enforce the interface correctly.
- 🛡️ **Trust-minimized stats** resolver reputation (fee, resolution history) lives in an on-chain registry that only the escrow program can update, so it can't be gamed by a resolver inflating its own track record.
- ⚖️ **Resolver-agnostic by design**: disputes aren't adjudicated by descro itself. Any wallet or program that implements the resolver interface can be plugged in, whether that's a single trusted authority, a multisig, a jury DAO, or an algorithmic (MAD-style) resolver.
- 🔓 **Fully permissionless**: no whitelist, no gatekeeping. Anyone can create an escrow, register as a resolver, or build a client against the protocol.
- 🔒 **Non-custodial by construction**: SOL lives in a program-owned vault, not a company's balance sheet. Nobody, including descro itself, can move funds without satisfying the on-chain rules.
- 🧩 **Progressive decentralization**: a central platform (own resolver, KYC, familiar UX) can onboard mainstream users first, while the same trades quietly build up a decentralized backend anyone can tap into directly, with free choice of resolver, once critical mass is reached.
-**Built for Solana**: sub-cent transaction fees and ~400ms finality mean the on-chain plumbing can stay invisible to end users while still being fully verifiable.
- 🧱 **Minimal, composable core**: the escrow program only knows about escrow state and SOL; dispute resolution is entirely external via CPI, so the protocol doesn't need to be trusted to "get justice right," only to enforce the interface correctly.
- 🛡️ **Trust-minimized stats**: resolver reputation (fee, resolution history) lives in an on-chain registry that only the escrow program can update, so it can't be gamed by a resolver inflating its own track record.
## Overview
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ PROTOCOL LAYER
└─────────────────┘ └──────────────────────┘
```
The protocol only defines the interface. Any resolver that implements it is compatible from a single authority wallet to a jury DAO voting contract.
The protocol only defines the interface. Any resolver that implements it is compatible, from a single authority wallet to a jury DAO voting contract.
## Programs
@@ -43,8 +43,8 @@ The protocol only defines the interface. Any resolver that implements it is comp
Holds trade state and SOL. Two PDAs per escrow:
- **EscrowAccount** `["escrow", seller_pubkey, escrow_id_le_bytes]` trade state
- **Vault** `["vault", escrow_account_pubkey]` system-owned, holds SOL only
- **EscrowAccount** `["escrow", seller_pubkey, escrow_id_le_bytes]`: trade state
- **Vault** `["vault", escrow_account_pubkey]`: system-owned, holds SOL only
**Instruction flow:**
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ create_escrow (seller)
cancel (seller, only from AwaitingDeposit)
```
The `dispute_resolver` field in the escrow can be any pubkey a wallet signing directly or a program calling `resolve()` via CPI. The check is identical either way.
The `dispute_resolver` field in the escrow can be any pubkey, whether that's a wallet signing directly or a program calling `resolve()` via CPI. The check is identical either way.
**Emergency resolve:** After 14 days in `Disputed` state with no resolution, either party can call `emergency_resolve` to unlock funds.
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ The `dispute_resolver` field in the escrow can be any pubkey — a wallet signin
An on-chain directory for resolvers. Resolvers register with metadata (name, type, fee, URI); resolution stats are auto-incremented by the escrow program via CPI and cannot be manipulated externally.
`update_stats` is callable only by the escrow program enforced via an `["escrow_authority"]` PDA that only the escrow program can sign for.
`update_stats` is callable only by the escrow program, enforced via an `["escrow_authority"]` PDA that only the escrow program can sign for.
Resolver types: `CentralAuthority`, `JuryDAO`, `MAD`, `Algorithmic`, `Multisig`
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ app/ — Next.js + Tamagui playground
### Build
Programs must be built in order the escrow program depends on the registry:
Programs must be built in order, since the escrow program depends on the registry:
```bash
cargo build-sbf --manifest-path programs/descro_ext_resolvers/Cargo.toml
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ yarn workspace descro-app run dev
## SDK Usage
The SDK is consumed as raw TypeScript via `transpilePackages` in the Next.js config no build step needed.
The SDK is consumed as raw TypeScript via `transpilePackages` in the Next.js config, so no build step is needed.
```ts
import { DescroSdk } from "@descro/sdk";
@@ -167,6 +167,6 @@ sdk.listener.onEscrowUpdate(escrowPubkey, (account) => { ... });
## Architecture Notes
- **Anchor 1.0.x:** `UncheckedAccount<'info>` with `/// CHECK:` doc comments; `#[derive(InitSpace)]` + `#[max_len(N)]` for strings.
- **`@coral-xyz/anchor@0.32.x`:** Use `new Program(idl, provider)` — the IDL's `address` field provides the program ID. The 3-argument form is broken in 0.32.x.
- **Yarn workspaces:** `nodeLinker: node-modules` (not PnP) required for Next.js Turbopack compatibility.
- **`@coral-xyz/anchor@0.32.x`:** Use `new Program(idl, provider)`. The IDL's `address` field provides the program ID. The 3-argument form is broken in 0.32.x.
- **Yarn workspaces:** `nodeLinker: node-modules` (not PnP), required for Next.js Turbopack compatibility.
- **LiteSVM tests:** each `tests/common/mod.rs` provides `setup()`, PDA helpers, `send()`/`try_send()`, `ix_*` builders, and `read_*` deserializers. `test_resolve_with_registry.rs` loads both `.so` files to test the full CPI flow.